Rosmarinic acid and dengue virus: Computational insights into antiviral potential

Since the early 20^th century, viral infections such as SARS, dengue fever, AIDS, Ebola, influenza and herpes have been among the most common causes of illness and death worldwide. These viruses multiply quickly and lead to epidemics and pandemics. Unfortunately, no drug has been proven to be therapeutically effective in treating or preventing dengue fever. The focus of the review is on computational approaches such as molecular docking and simulation methods to evaluate the stability, inhibition mechanisms and binding interactions of rosmarinic acid (RA) against dengue virus proteins. Based on computational studies, it can be concluded that RA could hinder the spread of dengue virus due to its significant binding and docking affinities with its proteins. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, broad-spectrum antiviral activity, and desirable low-toxicity pharmacokinetic profile, it is also a viable drug for further experimental validation. The review concludes by discussing how to interpret the in silico data, the shortcomings of the computational method, and the need for further experimental validation to fully explore the potential of RA as a treatment option for dengue.